Pengaruh ekstrak kulit pisang kepok (musa paradisiaca l.) terhadap gula darah sewaktu dan berat badan pada mencit (mus musculus) model diabetes melitus tipe 2

Mentari Kusuma Putri (Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Malahayati)
Yesi Nurmalasari (Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Malahayati)
Dita Fitriani (Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Malahayati)
Nita Sahara (Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Malahayati)
DOI: 10.56922/pti.v6i6.21 Published: 2026-10-18 pp. 457-465
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease resulting from impaired insulin function, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and changes in body weight. Controlling random blood glucose (RBG) levels and body weight (BW) is crucial for preventing further metabolic complications. Kepok banana peels contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, pectin, and dietary fiber, which may potentially help lower blood glucose levels and maintain stable body weight.

Purpose: To determine the effect of administering  banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L.) extract on RBG levels and BW in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Method: This study employed a true experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group approach. Male mice were divided into four groups: normal control, negative control, positive control, and treatment group. Data were analyzed using normality and homogeneity tests, followed by a One-Way ANOVA and post-hoc analysis. If the data were not homogeneous, Welch’s ANOVA and the Games-Howell post-hoc test were applied.

Results: Welch’s ANOVA indicated a significant difference in mean RBG levels among the groups (p = 0.007). The Games-Howell post-hoc test confirmed a significant reduction in RBG levels in the treatment group (P) compared to the negative control group (K-) (p = 0.013; mean difference of 227 mg/dL), as well as in the positive control group (K+) compared to the negative control group (K-) (p = 0.016). No significant difference was found between the positive control group (K+) and the treatment group (P) (p = 0.996), suggesting that the effectiveness of the extract is comparable to that of metformin. A one-way ANOVA analysis of body weight (BW) revealed a significant difference among all groups (p < 0,001). The treatment group (P) was able to mitigate the rate of pathological weight loss induced by alloxan compared to the negative control group (K-) (p < 0,001).

Conclusion: The administration of banana (Musa acuminata) peel extract is significantly effective in reducing random blood glucose (RBG) levels and influencing body weight changes in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

 

Keywords: Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca L.); Body Weight; Extract; Mice (Mus musculus); Random Blood Glucose; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

 

Pendahuluan: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis akibat gangguan kerja insulin yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah dan perubahan berat badan. Pengendalian kadar gula darah sewaktu (GDS) dan berat badan (BB) penting untuk mencegah komplikasi metabolik lebih lanjut. Kulit pisang kepok mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, pektin dan serat pangan yang berpotensi membantu menurunkan kadar gula darah serta menjaga kestabilan berat badan.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kulit pisang kepok (musa paradisiaca l.) terhadap kadar GDS dan BB pada mencit model diabetes melitus tipe 2.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan true experimental dengan desain pre-test and post-test with control group. Sampel mencit jantan dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan perlakuan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas, homogenitas, One-Way ANOVA, dan post hoc. Ketika data tidak homogen, maka dianalisi dengan Welch’s ANOVA dan uji post hoc Games Howell.

Hasil: Uji Welch's ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan rerata GDS antar kelompok yang signifikan (p = 0.007). Uji post-hoc Games-Howell mengonfirmasi penurunan GDS signifikan pada kelompok P dibanding K- (p = 0.013; selisih rerata 227 mg/dL) dan K+ dibanding K- (p = 0.016), sedangkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara K+ dan P (p = 0.996), mengindikasikan efektivitas ekstrak sebanding dengan metformin. Analisis One-Way ANOVA pada variabel BB menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar seluruh kelompok (p < 0.001). Kelompok P mampu menahan laju penurunan berat badan patologis akibat aloksan dibanding K- (p < 0.001).

Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak kulit pisang kepok (musa acuminata) secara signifikan efektif menurunkan kadar glukosa darah sewaktu (GDS) dan memengaruhi perubahan berat badan pada mencit model diabetes melitus tipe 2.

 

Kata Kunci: Berat Badan; Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2; Ekstrak; Gula Darah Sewaktu; Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa Paradisiaca L.); Mencit (Mus Musculus).

Pengaruh ekstrak kulit pisang kepok (musa paradisiaca l.) terhadap gula darah sewaktu dan berat badan pada mencit (mus musculus) model diabetes melitus tipe 2. (2026). Journal of Pharmacy and Tropical Issues, 6(6), 457-465. https://doi.org/10.56922/pti.v6i6.21
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