Hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan efektivitas terapi antihipertensi pada pasien hipertensi

Vincentia Maria Irine (Bagian Patologi Klinik, RSUD Lawang)
Yuswanto Setyawan (Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Ciputra Surabaya)
DOI: 10.56922/pti.v6i6.19 Published: 2026-10-18 pp. 490-499
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Background: Hypertension is a chronic cardiovascular disease that requires long-term pharmacological management to achieve optimal blood pressure control and prevent cardiovascular complications. Body Mass Index (BMI) is an important clinical indicator that may influence the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy through metabolic and physiological mechanisms associated with excess body weight.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between body mass index and the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy among patients with hypertension.

Method: This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 160 patients with hypertension were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected from January to March 2025 using anthropometric measurements and patient medical records. BMI was calculated based on body weight and height measurements, while the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy was assessed based on the achievement of target blood pressure control. Univariate analysis was used to describe respondents’ characteristics, and Chi-Square analysis was performed to determine the association between BMI categories and the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy.

Results: The findings demonstrated a significant association between BMI and the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy among patients with hypertension (p < 0.001). Patients with normal BMI were more likely to achieve effective antihypertensive therapy outcomes, whereas overweight and obese patients showed a higher tendency toward uncontrolled treatment outcomes. Increased BMI may contribute to reduced therapeutic effectiveness through mechanisms involving insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which may interfere with blood pressure regulation.

Conclusion: Body Mass Index is significantly associated with the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy among patients with hypertension. Assessment of BMI should be considered as an important component in hypertension management to support individualized treatment approaches. Integrating BMI monitoring into pharmaceutical care services may help healthcare providers, particularly pharmacists, optimize antihypertensive therapy and improve patient outcomes.

Suggestion: Future research could employ a prospective or cohort design with a longer observation period to dynamically evaluate changes in BMI and the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy.

 

Keywords: Antihypertensive Therapy; Body Mass Index; Hypertension; Pharmaceutical Care; Treatment Effectiveness.

 

Pendahuluan: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kardiovaskular kronis yang memerlukan penatalaksanaan farmakologis jangka panjang untuk mencapai kontrol tekanan darah yang optimal serta mencegah komplikasi kardiovaskular. Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) adalah indikator klinis penting yang dapat memengaruhi efektivitas terapi antihipertensi melalui mekanisme metabolik dan fisiologis yang berkaitan dengan kelebihan berat badan.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan efektivitas terapi antihipertensi pada pasien hipertensi.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional). Sebanyak 160 pasien hipertensi direkrut menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dari Januari hingga Maret 2025 melalui pengukuran antropometri dan rekam medis pasien. IMT dihitung berdasarkan pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan, sementara efektivitas terapi antihipertensi dinilai berdasarkan pencapaian target kontrol tekanan darah. Analisis univariat digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan karakteristik responden, dan analisis Chi-Square dilakukan untuk menentukan hubungan antara kategori IMT dengan efektivitas terapi antihipertensi.

Hasil: Adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara IMT dengan efektivitas terapi antihipertensi pada pasien hipertensi (p < 0,001). Pasien dengan IMT normal lebih mungkin mencapai hasil terapi antihipertensi yang efektif, sedangkan pasien dengan kelebihan berat badan (overweight) dan obesitas cenderung memiliki hasil pengobatan yang tidak terkontrol. Peningkatan IMT dapat berkontribusi terhadap penurunan efektivitas terapi melalui mekanisme yang melibatkan resistensi insulin, disfungsi endotel, serta aktivasi sistem renin-angiotensin-aldosteron, yang dapat mengganggu regulasi tekanan darah.

Simpulan: IMT memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan efektivitas terapi antihipertensi pada pasien hipertensi. Penilaian IMT sebaiknya dipertimbangkan sebagai komponen penting dalam penatalaksanaan hipertensi untuk mendukung pendekatan pengobatan yang bersifat individual. Mengintegrasikan pemantauan IMT ke dalam layanan asuhan kefarmasian dapat membantu tenaga kesehatan, khususnya apoteker, dalam mengoptimalkan terapi antihipertensi dan meningkatkan luaran klinis pasien.

Saran: Penelitian selanjutnya dapat menggunakan desain prospektif atau kohort dengan periode pengamatan yang lebih panjang untuk mengevaluasi perubahan IMT dan efektivitas terapi antihipertensi secara dinamis.

 

Kata Kunci: Asuhan Kefarmasian; Efektivitas Pengobatan; Hipertensi; Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT); Terapi Antihipertensi.

 

Hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan efektivitas terapi antihipertensi pada pasien hipertensi. (2026). Journal of Pharmacy and Tropical Issues, 6(6), 490-499. https://doi.org/10.56922/pti.v6i6.19
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